1984, 1988 & 1992 – three significant proclamations by Australia’s Governors-General

Australia’s national colours of green and gold – 1984

In 1984 Australia’s national colours were proclaimed to be green and gold.

This settled a long dispute as to whether the national colours should be red, white and blue, or green or blue together with gold.

The precise green and yellow references chosen are:

Green: PANTONE®348C
Gold: PANTONE®116C

The Green and Gold were first worn by the 1899 Australian cricket team when they toured England, formalised as the national colours for Australia’s Eleven in 1908 and then later adopted by the Australian Olympic movement and other team sports.

The green and gold was chosen in 1899 to transcend intercolonial (interstate) rivalries as it had been the custom previously for Australian teams to play in light and dark blue and even maroon but these colours were too closely linked with particular colonies (states). But these colours also represented something unique about Australia that would not be confused with any other green worn by national teams on cricket grounds in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.

It was not just green, but ‘gum tree green’ that was chosen officially in 1908 for Australia’s national cricket team to wear in international matches. As for the gold? It was never stated officially but the the catchy term ‘wattle gold’ was soon adopted by the media. And so the traditional sporting colours came to represent in the public mind the unique palette of the Australian landscape dominated by two large groups: the eucalypts and the wattles. What could be more Australian than that!

However no mention of this floral inspirations made it into the Prime-Minister Bob Hawke’s media release on 19 April 1984 that focused on Australia’s sporting achievements:

“The Governor-General has also proclaimed Australia’s traditional sporting colours, green and gold, to be the national colours for use on all occasions on which such colours are customarily used. The specific colours proclaimed are pantone matching system numbers 116C and 348C as used for printing paper.

These colours are similar to the colours on the medicare cards now held by all Australian families. The use of green and gold for Australia’s international sporting teams goes back many years and have been our Olympic teams’ colours since the 1920s.

I am sure that all Australians will be proud that our colours associated with our many great sporting achievements since last century are now recognised officially as the nation’s colours. We can all identify with these and with our distinctive national anthem, proud of our past history and working together on constructing a great future”

Official Proclamation

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No. G 17 , Tuesday, 8 May 1984

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No. S 142, Thursday, 19 April 1984

PROCLAMATION

By His Excellency the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia

N.M.STEPHEN
Governor-General

I, SIR N I N I A N M A R T I N S T E P H E N , Governor-General of
the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice o f t h e
Federal Executive Council, hereby declare

…: and
(e) that green and gold (Pantone Matching System
numbers 116C and 348C as used for printing on paper)
shall be the national colours of Australia for use on all
occasions on which such colours are customarily used.
(L.S.) G I V E N under my Hand and the Great Seal of Australia on 19 April 1984.

By His Excellency’s Command,

M. J. Y O U N G

Special Minister of State

GOD SAVE THE QUEEN

Australia’s national floral emblem – 1988

The proclamation of Golden Wattle, Acacia pycnantha as the national floral emblem, was made on the 1 September 1988 in Australia’s Bicentennial year.

The Gazettal is dated 1 September 1988, signed by the Governor General, Sir Ninian Stephen, on 19 August 1988.

Official Proclamation

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No. S 259 , Thursday , 1 September 1988

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No. S 259 Thursday 1 September 1988

PROCLAMATION

By His Excellency the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia

N.M.STEPHEN
Governor-General

I, SIR NINIAN MARTIN STEPHEN, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby declare that the flowers of Acacia pycnantha, the plant known as Golden Wattle, however depicted, shall be the national floral emblem of Australia.

(L.S.) GIVEN under my hand and the Great Seal of Australia on 19 August 1988

By His Excellency’s Command,

ROBERT RAY

Minister of State for Home Affairs

GOD SAVE THE QUEEN

A wattle was chosen in part, because advocates such as school teacher, Maria Hitchcock, The Australian Native Plants Society and radio broadcaster Ian McNamara had lobbied state and federal government and raised public support with information that highlighted the rich history of wattle as an informal symbol of Australia from colonial times and its meaning for all Australians. For example in as early as 1891 the Australian Natives’ Association accepted ‘The wattle, in all its varieties’ as the Australian floral emblem, the Golden Wattle naturally gaining preeminence because of its universality’.

[‘Universality’ may have meant Acacia pycnantha represented most of Australia’s acacias found everywhere in Australia, because it has modified leaf stems (phyllodes) as an adaptation to Australia’s relatively hot, dry climate. Those well-known wattles with true leaves (that look a bit like ferns) such as the well-known wattle trees Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata) and and Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) were only naturally growing in south-east Australia or in the case of another group small shrubs, in western Australia). The economic importance of Acacia pycnantha tannin-rich bark (for the important leather industry in colonial Australia), and its ‘uniquely spectacular’ blossom were also reasons for its choice back in 1891.

National Wattle Day – 1992

Continuing confusion over the actual date of Wattle Day required a long-awaited agreement among the Commonwealth and States to unify Australia’s Wattle Day as the First Day of Spring (1st September) in every State and Territory. This took place in 1992 at the urging of Maria Hitchcock, Ian McNamara, presenter and Executive Producer of ABC’s radio program ‘Australia All Over’, and petitions signed by members of the Society for Growing Australian Plants’.

Official Proclamation

1 September has officially been National Wattle Day since 1992

(Before then, Australians in different States and Territories celebrated wattle day on different days between July and September.)

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No. S 240, Monday, 24 August 1992

PROCLAMATION of National Wattle Day

Commonwealth of Australia

By His Excellency the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia

BILL HAYDEN
Governor-General

I, WILLIAM GEORGE HAYDEN, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, declare that 1 September in each year shall be observed as “National Wattle Day” throughout Australia and in the external Territories of Australia.

(L.S.) GIVEN under my Hand and the Great Seal of Australia on 23 June 1992

By His Excellency’s Command,

Nick Bolkus

Minister of State for Home Affairs

GOD SAVE THE QUEEN

Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) – Australia’s national floral emblem – is part of the crest for the Governor-General of Australia

With the Centenary of Federation in 2001, Australians once again experienced strong feelings of nationhood. The Wattle Day Association is promoting a new Wattle Day oriented towards the future, encompassing positive virtues in the celebration of Australia and all Australians. While appreciating the history of the Day, we can adapt its rich symbolism to the great issues Australia faces as a nation still seeking to find its place in the world and as a community-minded people within a global economy.